Introduction to Acropora
Acropora corals are the centerpiece of many advanced reef systems, boasting an incredible variety of species such as Acropora tenuis (Tenuis), Acropora formosa (Stag), Acropora millepora (Millie), and many more. Each species offers its own unique growth patterns, colors, and textures, with some of the most vibrant coloration found in the reefing world. While they require careful attention and stable tank conditions, Acropora reward dedicated reefers with dynamic growth and striking displays of color.
Location
Acropora corals are native to the vibrant reefs of the Indo-Pacific, including regions like Fiji, Tonga, the Solomon Islands, and the Great Barrier Reef. They are typically found in high-energy zones near reef crests and upper slopes, where strong currents deliver nutrients and maintain water clarity. In their natural habitat, Acropora provide shelter and structure for various small reef inhabitants, such as gobies, crabs, and shrimp, contributing to the reef's biodiversity.
Water Chemistry
Acropora corals thrive in aquariums with stable and pristine water conditions. They rely on consistent levels of essential elements to grow and maintain their skeletal structure:
- Calcium: 420-440 ppm
- Alkalinity: 8-9.5 dKH
- Magnesium: 1300-1450 ppm
- Nitrates: <10 ppm
- Phosphates: <0.10 ppm
- Temperature: 75-80°F
These parameters should remain stable, as Acropora are highly sensitive to fluctuations. Regular testing and adjustments are crucial for their long-term health. Proper salinity levels (1.025-1.026) and pH (8.1-8.4) are especially important because a healthy pH level not only helps Acropora absorb calcium to build their skeletons but also contributes to better health and faster growth.
Lighting
Acropora corals thrive under intense lighting, similar to the bright conditions of their natural reef environments. High PAR levels (200+ PAR) are ideal for maintaining their vibrant coloration and promoting healthy growth. Lighting options such as high-output LEDs, T5 fluorescent lights, or metal halides work well for Acropora, provided the corals are properly acclimated to avoid bleaching.
At Top Shelf Aquatics, we use a combination of Ecotech Marine Radions and metal halides in our aquaculture farm to ensure the best growth and coloration for our Acropora. For optimal results, balancing the lighting spectrum is key:
- More White Light (10K-14K): Encourages faster growth but may yield less vivid coloration.
- Deep Blue Light (18K-20K): Enhances coloration but may slow down growth.
Gradual adjustments to light intensity are recommended to help the coral adapt without stress.
Water Flow
Strong and variable water flow is essential for Acropora corals, mimicking the high-energy environments of natural reef crests. Proper flow ensures that nutrients are delivered to the coral while waste is carried away, preventing buildup that can stress or damage the coral.
At Top Shelf Aquatics, we use a mix of Ecotech Marine MP’s, Reef Octopus Octo Pulse, and Sicce XStream wave makers to create strong, randomized flow patterns. This approach ensures that every part of the coral colony receives adequate circulation. As Acropora colonies grow, their branching structure can alter the flow dynamics in your tank. Regularly auditing and adjusting flow patterns will help maintain optimal conditions.
What We Feed
While Acropora primarily rely on photosynthesis through their symbiotic zooxanthellae, they also benefit from supplemental feeding to enhance growth and coloration. At Top Shelf Aquatics, we use our exclusive Royal Flush blend, a nutrient-rich mix that includes:
- Tisochrysis
- Rhodomonas
- Tetraselmis
In addition to our Royal Flush blend, we also feed Benepets, Reef Roids, and various aminos, providing a diverse range of nutrients to support healthy growth and vibrant coloration. For best results, use a turkey baster to gently target-feed the coral and turn off circulation and return pumps for approximately 10-15 minutes. This allows the coral ample time to absorb nutrients effectively, promoting optimal health and stunning coloration.
Coloration and Tank Maturity
Acropora corals are known for their incredible coloration, which can vary dramatically depending on tank conditions. Lighting spectrum plays a significant role, with deeper blue lighting enhancing vibrant colors while whiter light promotes faster growth. Feeding with nutrient-rich foods, such as our Royal Flush blend, provides not only essential nutrients but also fatty acids and amino acids that enhance pigmentation and promote healthy tissue development.
Additionally, maintaining proper levels of trace elements like iron and iodine further supports vibrant hues. Acropora also require time to adjust to new systems, and it’s common for their growth to appear stagnant for the first 3-6 months as they settle in.
Common Challenges
Acropora corals are among the most sensitive species in reef aquariums, requiring consistent care and stable conditions. Here are some common challenges aquarists may face:
- Rapid Tissue Necrosis (RTN): Caused by stress or unstable water parameters. Maintaining pristine water conditions and stability is key.
- Bleaching: Sudden changes in lighting or water temperature can lead to bleaching. Gradual acclimation to lighting and maintaining consistent temperatures can help avoid this issue.
- Sensitivity to Parameter Fluctuations: Regular testing and dosing are essential to maintaining balance.
- Growth Interference: Pruning and repositioning colonies can help mitigate space and flow competition.
How We Farm/Propagate This
At Top Shelf Aquatics, we take great care in farming and propagating Acropora corals to ensure their health and adaptability for reef tanks. Our team of marine biologists meticulously monitors water parameters across over 30,000 gallons of farmable water volume, maintaining pristine conditions.
The propagation process begins with selecting robust mother colonies and carefully fragging them. Frags are mounted on plugs with reef-safe glue or epoxy and placed in dedicated grow-out systems. These systems feature high-intensity lighting and advanced flow systems.
Acclimation Guide
Proper acclimation is essential for ensuring a smooth transition for Acropora corals into your reef system. These steps will help them settle in successfully:
- Temperature Acclimation: Float the bag in your aquarium for 15-20 minutes to equalize temperature.
- Drip Acclimation: Gradually introduce your tank water to the coral.
- Lighting Acclimation: Gradually increase lighting intensity over 2-3 weeks to avoid bleaching.
- Placement: Mount the coral securely with strong water flow.
